Logical Deduction - 04

01. Statements :No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras.

Conclusions :
I. No camera is magazine.
II. Some cameras are magazines.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cameras are not magazines'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.

02. Statements :All tubes are handles. All cups are handles.

Conclusions :
I. All cups are tubes.
II. Some handles are not cups.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term 'handles' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows

03. Statements :All men are married. Some men are educated.

Conclusions :
I. Some married are educated.
II. Some educated are married.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Both I and II follow
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of I and thus it also holds.

04. Statements :No man is a donkey. Rahul is a man.

Conclusions :
I. Rahul is not a donkey.
II. All men are not Rahul.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since on premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Conclusion II cannot follow as it contains the middle term. So, only I follows.

05. Statements :Most teachers are boys. Some boys are students.

Conclusions :
I. Some students are boys.
II. Some teachers are students.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.

06. Statements :All windows are doors. No door is wall.

Conclusions :
I. No window is wall.
II. No wall is door.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Both I and II follow
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds,

07. Statements :Some engineers are fools. Anand is an engineer.

Conclusions :
I. Some fools are engineers.
II. Anand is a fool.
  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since the middle term 'engineer' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds.

08. Statements :All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks.

Conclusions :
I. Some pens are chairs.
II. Some chalks are pens.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since the middle term 'chalks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.

09. Statements :All educated people read newspapers. Rahul does not read newspaper.

Conclusions :
I. Rahul is not educated.
II. Reading newspaper is not essential to be educated.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.

10. Statements :Some men are educated. Educated persons prefer small families.

Conclusions :
I. All small families are educated.
II. Some men prefer small families.

  • 1Only conclusion I follows
  • 2Only conclusion II follows
  • 3Either I or II follows
  • 4Neither I nor II follows
Answer:- 1
Explanation:-

Solution:
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only II follows.

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